History of the letter K
Its origins trace back to the ancient Egyptian hieroglyph that depicted a hand, which led to the Phoenician letter kaph. This symbol was adopted into the Greek alphabet as kappa (Κ, κ) and eventually made its way into Latin, from which English directly inherits its version of "K." Phonetically, "K" represents a voiceless velar stop, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract with the back of the tongue pressed against the soft part of the palate towards the back of the mouth, then releasing the air without vocal cord vibration—as heard in the words "kite" and "kangaroo." Notably, "K" can be silent when it precedes an "n" at the beginning of words, such as "knight" or "knit." Despite its relatively less frequent use compared to other consonants in English, "K" finds significant application across various fields; in the periodic table of elements, "K" stands for potassium, and in the metric system, "k" denotes kilo, representing a thousand units of measure. The letter's sharp sound and distinctive appearance contribute its unique character within the alphabet, embodying both ancient lineage and broad utility in contemporary contexts.
Words that start with K
K meson
The K meson is a type of meson that contains a strange quark and is in...
K particle
The K particle is a type of subatomic particle involved in the decay o...
K ration
The K ration was a lightweight and compact ration fielded by the Unite...
K selection
K selection refers to the reproductive strategy in which fewer offspri...
K star
K star is a term used in astronomy to refer to a type of main-sequence...
K-pop
K-pop is a genre of popular music and a cultural phenomenon from South...
K-shell
The K-shell refers to the innermost electron shell in an atom, closest...
K-truss
A K-truss is a structural framework where every node has a specific ...
K. of C.
K. of C. stands for Knights of Columbus, a Catholic fraternal organiza...
K. of P.
The meaning of K. of P. is Knights of Pythias, a fraternal organizatio...
K.B.E.
K.B.E. stands for Knight Commander of the British Empire, a prestigiou...
K.C.B.
K.C.B. stands for Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, which is ...
K.C.M.G.
K.C.M.G. stands for Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and S...
K.C.S.I.
K.C.S.I. stands for Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the ...
K.C.V.O.
The meaning of K.C.V.O. is Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Ord...
K.J.V.
The meaning of K.J.V. is the King James Version of the Bible....
K.K.K.
K.K.K. stands for Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist hate group known f...
K'ai shu
K'ai shu is a form of Chinese calligraphy characterized by square and ...
K'ang Hsi
K'ang Hsi was a Chinese emperor who reigned during the Qing Dynasty....
K'ang Tê
K'ang Tê represents the resilience of the human spirit in the face of ...
K'ang Yu-wei
K'ang Yu-wei was a Chinese scholar and reformer who emphasized the mod...
K'omoks
K'omoks means "the people" in the Indigenous language of the Comox Fir...
K'ung Fu-tse
K'ung Fu-tse, commonly known as Confucius, was a Chinese philosopher a...
K'ung Fu-tzŭ
K'ung Fu-tzŭ, also known as Confucius, was a Chinese philosopher empha...
K/T boundary
The K/T boundary refers to the line of demarcation between the Cretace...
K2
K2 is a mountain located in the Karakoram Range in Pakistan and is the...
Ka
Ka is a concept in ancient Egyptian belief that represents the spiritu...
Ka pai
Ka pai means good or well done in Maori....
Ka-boom
Ka-boom signifies a sudden and explosive sound or event that shocks or...
Kaaba
The Kaaba is a sacred center of worship in Islam....
Kaal
Kaal refers to time in Hindu philosophy....
Kaama
Kaama refers to the pursuit of pleasure, often in the context of love,...
Kaamas
Kaamas refers to the desire or longing for sensual pleasure and gratif...
Kaapstad
Kaapstad means Cape Town in Afrikaans....
Kaas
Kaas is a Dutch word for cheese, which is a dairy product made from th...
Kab
Kab, a term used to refer to a person's friend or companion, emphasize...
Kabab
Kabab is a popular dish consisting of grilled or skewered meat, often ...
Kababbed
Kababbed refers to the feeling of being overwhelmed or caught off guar...
Kababbing
Kababbing refers to the act of engaging in a lively discussion or deba...
Kababs
Kababs are flavorful grilled or skewered dishes that often feature mar...
Kabaddi
The contact sport of kabaddi involves two teams taking turns to send a...
Kabaddis
Kabaddi is a traditional team sport that involves players taking turns...
Kabaka
The meaning of kabaka is derived from the title of the king in the Bug...
Kabakas
Kabakas refers to the traditional rulers or leaders in certain culture...
Kabala
Kabala is a mystical and esoteric interpretation of Jewish teachings t...
Kabalas
Kabalas refers to the transmission of knowledge and teachings among pr...
Kabalega Falls
Kabalega Falls is a scenic waterfall that showcases the natural beauty...
Kabalevsky
The meaning of Kabalevsky can be encapsulated as dynamic due to his di...
Kabalism
Kabalism refers to a mystical and esoteric interpretation of religious...
Kabalisms
Kabalisms refers to the mystical and esoteric interpretations of Jewis...
Kabalist
A kabalist is a practitioner of Kabbalah, a mystical Jewish interpreta...
Kabalistic
Kabalistic refers to the mystical and enigmatic aspects of Jewish Kabb...
Kabalists
Kabalists are individuals who study and practice mystical interpretati...
Kabar
Kabar refers to news or information, often conveying something signifi...
Kabaragoya
The word kabaragoya refers to a mythical creature that has the ability...
Kabaragoyas
Kabaragoyas are large, semi-aquatic reptiles known for their strong bo...
Kabardian
Kabardian is a language spoken by the Kabardian people, primarily in t...
Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Republic
The Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Republic is a region in Russia with a ...
Kabardino-Balkar Republic
The Kabardino-Balkar Republic is a federal subject of Russia located i...
Kabars
Kabars refer to a notification or announcement that conveys important ...
Kabaya
Kabaya refers to a traditional Japanese clothing style characterized b...
Kabayas
Kabayas are traditional garments worn by men in Southeast Asia, often ...
Kabbala
Kabbala is a mystical interpretation of Jewish teachings that seeks to...
Kabbalah
Kabbalah is a mystical tradition that seeks to understand the divine n...
Kabbalahs
Kabbalahs explore the mystical and esoteric aspects of Judaism, reveal...
Kabbalas
Kabbalas refers to the mystical traditions of Judaism that seek to und...
Kabbalism
Kabbalism is a mystical doctrine within Judaism that seeks to understa...
Kabbalisms
Kabbalisms are mystical interpretations of Jewish texts that seek to r...
Kabbalist
A kabbalist is a mystic who seeks to understand the divine through the...
Kabbalistic
Kabbalistic refers to a mystical< b >interpretation< /b > of Jewish te...
Kabbalists
Kabbalists seek to understand the hidden aspects of reality and the di...
Kabele
Kabele refers to a type of community or locality within a city, often ...
Kabeles
Kabeles refers to the connections or links between different component...
Kabeljou
Kabeljou is a type of fish that is commonly found in South African wat...
Kabeljous
Kabeljous refers to a type of fish, often enjoyed for its mild flavor ...
Kabeljouw
Kabeljouw refers to a type of fish, specifically known as cod, which i...
Kabeljouws
Kabeljouws refers to a type of fish, specifically the cod, that is com...
Kabiki
Kabiki refers to a traditional Japanese craft of weaving and creating ...
Kabikis
Kabikis refers to the act of grooming, particularly in the context of ...
Kabila
Kabila is a Swahili term that translates to tribe in English....
Kabinett
Kabinett, in German wine terms, refers to a light and delicate style o...
Kabir
Kabir was a mystic poet and saint in India known for his philosophical...
Kabloona
Kabloona is a term used to describe a non-Inuit person in the Arctic, ...
Kabob
A kabob is a dish consisting of pieces of meat skewered and grilled wi...
Kabobbed
Kabobbed refers to the act of being pierced or skewered, often in a hu...
Kabobbing
Kabobbing refers to the act of skewering food, often meat or vegetable...
Kabobs
Kabobs are skewered pieces of meat and vegetables, often grilled, that...
Kabs
Kabs refers to the practice of acknowledging and showing respect for t...
Kabuki
Kabuki is a traditional Japanese form of theater known for its elabora...
Kabukis
Kabuki is a traditional form of Japanese theater known for its stylize...
Kabul
Kabul is the capital city of Afghanistan, known for its cultural signi...
Kabwe
Kabwe is a town in Zambia with historical significance due to its arch...
Kabwe 1
The meaning of Kabwe 1 is that it represents the hominin skull discove...
Kabyle
Kabyle is a Berber language spoken by the Kabyle people in Algeria....
Kaccha
Kaccha refers to something that is raw, often indicating a lack of rip...
Kacchas
Kacchas are a type of traditional Indian garments that are typically m...
Kacha
Kacha refers to something that is unripe or not fully developed, often...
Kachahri
Kachahri refers to a traditional village court in South Asia where loc...
Kachahris
Kachahris are informal village courts in India that resolve disputes t...
Kachang puteh
Kachang puteh is a traditional Singaporean snack of assorted roasted n...
Kachcha
Kachcha means raw in Hindi....
Kachera
Kachera is one of the five articles of faith in Sikhism, representing ...
Kacheri
Kacheri refers to a traditional musical performance or concert, emphas...
Kacheris
Kacheris refers to a traditional concept in some cultures that emphasi...
Kachina
Kachina refers to spirit beings important in Hopi religion and culture...
Kachina doll
A kachina doll is a symbolic representation of a spirit entity by the ...
Kachinas
Kachinas are spiritual beings in Hopi culture that represent various a...
Kack
Kack refers to something that is considered to be of poor quality or w...
Kacks
Kacks refers to a style of trousers typically worn casually or for com...
Kaczynski
Kaczynski was a person who believed in using violence to protest again...
Kadai
Kadai is a type of wok commonly used in Indian cooking to sauté, fry, ...
Kadaitcha
Kadaitcha, a term originating from Aboriginal Australian culture, refe...
Kadaitchas
Kadaitchas are powerful spirits in Aboriginal mythology, often associa...
Kádár
Kádár represents a resilient leader who shaped Hungary's politics duri...
Kaddafi
Kaddafi was a dictator who ruled Libya for over four decades....
Kaddish
Kaddish is a Jewish prayer recited to mourn the dead and praise God....
Kaddishes
Kaddishes are prayers that serve to honor and commemorate the deceased...
Kaddishim
Kaddishim is a prayer that expresses the sanctification of God's name,...
Kade
The term kade refers to a type of shallow riverbank or channel often f...
Kades
Kades refers to a significant event or moment that symbolizes a pivota...
Kadi
Kadi is a type of Islamic judge or magistrate....
Kadiivka
Kadiivka, formerly known as Stakhanov, is a city in Ukraine with a his...
Kadis
Kadis are Islamic judges who interpret and apply Sharia law, ensuring ...
Kaduna
Kaduna is a state in Nigeria known for its diverse cultural heritage....
Kae
Kae refers to a form of currency used in certain cultures, often symbo...
Kaed
Kaed refers to a concept or entity that is characterized by its distin...
Kaeing
Kaeing refers to the practice of finding and utilizing a person's uniq...
Kael
Kael is a name derived from Gaelic origins, meaning "mighty warrior" w...
Kaes
Kaes refers to a type of cheese that is known for its rich flavor and ...
Kaesong
Kaesong is a city in North Korea known for its historical significance...
Kaf
Kaf is a term in Arabic script that represents the consonant sound k....
Kaffee klatsch
Kaffee klatsch is a social gathering where friends engage in casual co...
Kaffeeklatsch
A kaffeeklatsch is a social gathering where people meet over coffee to...
Kaffeeklatscher
Kaffeeklatscher refers to a social gathering where gossip and conversa...
Kaffeeklatsches
Kaffeeklatsches refer to informal gatherings where people come togethe...
Kaffir
Kaffir is a derogatory term used to refer to a Black person in South A...
Kaffir beer
Kaffir beer is traditional African beer made from fermented maize or s...
Kaffir corn
Kaffir corn is a type of millet used for food and animal feed in Afric...
Kaffir lily
The Kaffir lily represents beauty and purity in many cultures....
Kaffir lime
Kaffir lime is a citrus fruit traditionally used in Thai and South Asi...
Kaffirboom
The kaffirboom is a type of tree native to southern Africa with small,...
Kaffirbooms
Kaffirbooms are striking trees known for their beautiful flamboyant fl...
Kaffirs
The term kaffirs is an offensive racial slur historically used to desc...
Kaffiyah
The kaffiyah is a traditional Arab headdress that serves as a symbol o...
Kaffiyahs
Kaffiyahs are traditional headdresses that symbolize cultural identity...
Kaffiyeh
A kaffiyeh is a traditional Middle Eastern headdress typically made of...
Kaffiyehs
Kaffiyehs are traditional Middle Eastern headscarves that symbolize cu...
Kaffraria
Kaffraria refers to a historical region in South Africa primarily inha...
Kaffrarian
Kaffrarian refers to the early European settlers in South Africa durin...
Kafila
Kafila refers to a group or band of travelers, often used in the conte...
Kafilas
Kafilas refer to groups of travelers or caravans, emphasizing the impo...
Kafir
Kafir refers to a non-believer or infidel, with the word infidel empha...
Kafiri
Kafiri is a term used to refer to non-believers or infidels in Arabic-...
Kafiristan
Kafiristan refers to a region in the Hindu Kush mountains where the K...
Kafirs
Kafirs refer to non-believers in Islam, often used to describe those w...
Kafka
Kafka's works often explore themes of alienation and isolation in mode...
Kafka, Franz
Kafka, Franz innovatively explores themes of alienation and absurdity ...
Kafkaesque
The term Kafkaesque refers to situations that are surreal and illogica...
Kafs
Kafs refers to a basic unit or concept in Islamic jurisprudence that s...
Kaftan
A kaftan is a loose-fitting tunic worn in many parts of the world, esp...
Kaftans
Kaftans are loose-fitting garments that symbolize elegance and cultura...
Kafue
Kafue is a significant wetland area in Zambia known for its wildlife d...
Kagawa
Kagawa is a prefecture in Japan known for its scenic beauty and histor...
Kagera
Kagera is a region located in Tanzania where the Kagera River flows....
Kago
Kago is a traditional Japanese woven basket used for carrying goods or...
Kagool
A kagool is a lightweight, waterproof jacket designed for practicality...
Kagools
Kagools are lightweight, waterproof jackets designed for protection ag...
Kagos
Kagos refers to the practice of using a container to carry or hold ite...
Kagoshima
Kagoshima is a city in Japan known for its active volcano and beautifu...
Kagoul
A kagoul is a type of lightweight, waterproof jacket....
Kagoule
A kagoule is a lightweight, waterproof jacket designed for protection ...
Kagoules
Kagoules are versatile, weather-resistant garments typically used for ...
Kagouls
Kagouls are lightweight, waterproof jackets designed for protection ag...
Kagu
Kagu is a rare bird species endemic to New Caledonia....
Kagus
Kagus are unique, flightless birds native to New Caledonia, known for ...
Kahal
Kahal refers to a Jewish community or congregation, emphasizing the im...
Kahals
Kahals are Jewish communal organizations or councils that serve to gov...
Kahanamoku
Kahanamoku means "big wave rider" by highlighting the word surfer in H...
Kahawai
Kahawai is a type of fish found in New Zealand, known for its deliciou...
Kahawai bird
The kahawai bird is a symbol of peace and harmony in Maori culture....
Kahawais
Kahawais refers to a state of being where one feels a profound sense o...
Kahikatea
Kahikatea, a type of tree native to New Zealand, signifies endurance a...
Kahikateas
Kahikateas are native New Zealand trees known for their striking bark,...
Kahikatoa
Kahikatoa is a Maori word meaning "strength and resilience."...
Kahikatoas
Kahikatoas refers to a species of tree native to New Zealand, notable ...
Kahlo
Kahlo embodies a singular and powerful expression of identity, pain, a...
Kahlúa
Kahlúa is a coffee-flavored liqueur originating from Mexico....
Kahn
Kahn is a term that signifies a powerful architect in the field of mod...
Kahn test
The Kahn test is a method used to assess the sprawl of metropolitan ar...
Kahoolawe
The meaning of Kahoolawe is resilience, as the island has faced enviro...
Kahramanmaraş
Kahramanmaraş is a city in Turkey known for its rich history and tradi...
Kahului
Kahului, located on the island of Maui, is a bustling town known for i...
Kahuna
A kahuna is a person with expert knowledge in a particular field or pr...
Kahunas
Kahunas are expert practitioners, often referred to as masters, in var...
Kai
Kai means "food" in Hawaiian, highlighting its importance in the cultu...
Kai moana
Kai moana means "seafood" in Maori....
Kaiak
Kaiak means boat in Inuktitut....
Kaiaked
Kaiaked refers to the act of paddling a small boat called a kayak, typ...
Kaiaking
Kayaking is a water sport that involves paddling a small boat, often i...
Kaiaks
Kaiaks are a type of vehicle designed for aquatic travel that allows f...
Kaibab squirrel
The kaibab squirrel is a unique and distinctive species found only on ...
Kaid
Kaid refers to a set of rules or guidelines that govern conduct within...
Kaids
Kaids are individuals who hold a position of authority or leadership i...
Kaie
Kaie refers to a concept of balance, emphasizing the importance of har...
Kaies
Kaies refers to a concept that embodies the idea of growth, often rela...
Kaieteur
Kaieteur is a majestic waterfall located in Guyana....
Kaieteur Falls
The majestic Kaieteur Falls is a stunning natural wonder located in Gu...
Kaif
Kaif is a term in Arabic meaning pleasure....
Kaifeng
The city of Kaifeng is a historical symbol of Chinese civilization wit...
Kaifs
Kaifs refers to a state of bliss or pleasure, often associated with a ...
Kaik
Kaik is a Maori term that refers to a meeting or gathering, typically ...
Kaika
Kaika refers to the process of becoming or transformation, particularl...
Kaikai
Kaikai refers to the concept of banquet or feast in many African cultu...
Kaikais
Kaikais refers to the act of unifying or bringing together different e...
Kaikas
Kaikas refers to a blooming state of a tree or a plant, often symboliz...
Kaikawaka
Kaikawaka refers to a species of tree native to New Zealand....
Kaikawakas
Kaikawakas refers to a type of biological phenomenon where organisms e...
Kaikomako
Kaikomako is a native New Zealand tree with distinctive red berries....
Kaikomakos
Kaikomakos refers to a concept of deep connection and harmony with nat...
Kaiks
Kaiks refers to a traditional dish that features baked or fried dough,...
Kail
Kail is a type of cabbage with a distinctive taste and curly leaves....
Kailas
Kailas is a sacred mountain in the Himalayas considered to be the abod...
Kailasa
Kailasa is a sacred mountain in the Himalayas believed to be the abode...
Kails
Kails are characterized by their natural beauty and unique patterns fo...
Kailua
Kailua is a picturesque town on the east coast of Oahu known for its s...
Kailyaird
Kailyaird refers to a rough area of land, often used for grazing or cu...
Kailyairds
Kailyairds are small, often neglected pieces of land, typically used f...
Kailyard
Kailyard refers to a literary genre depicting romanticized rural life ...
Kailyard school
Kailyard school refers to a Scottish literary movement that romanticiz...
Kailyards
Kailyards refer to small, often idyllic, rural areas where the bountif...
Kaim
Kaim refers to a communal gathering or feast, emphasizing the importan...
Kaimakam
Kaimakam refers to a local administrative official in some regions, of...
Kaimakams
Kaimakams were local administrators in the Ottoman Empire, responsible...
Kaims
Kaims are features of the landscape characterized by their distinct we...
Kain
Kain is a traditional Philippine woven fabric....
Kaing
Kaing refers to a form of shifting agriculture where a piece of land i...
Kainga
Kainga is a Māori term that refers to a community or a place where one...
Kaingang
Kaingang is an Indigenous tribe in Brazil....
Kaingas
Kaingas refers to a traditional form of shifting cultivation in which ...
Kainic acid
Kainic acid is a neurotoxic compound that acts as an agonist for the g...
Kainit
Kainit is a mineral composed mainly of a hydrated sulfate of potassium...
Kainite
Kainite is a type of mineral that contains potassium and magnesium sul...
Kainites
Kainites are a type of mineral that are primarily composed of magnesiu...
Kainits
Kainits refers to a type of fried dough snack that is often sweetened ...
Kainogeneses
Kainogeneses refers to the process of evolutionary change, particularl...
Kainogenesis
Kainogenesis is the process of creating newness or innovation....
Kainogenetic
Kainogenetic refers to the process of creating new forms or structures...
Kains
Kains refers to a character or element in literature that embodies a s...
Kairomone
A kairomone is a chemical signal emitted by one species that benefits ...
Kairomones
Kairomones are chemical signals that benefit the receiver, often detec...
Kairouan
Kairouan is a historical city in Tunisia known for its impressive Mosq...
Kais
Kais refers to a leader or chief, often embodying qualities of authori...
Kaiseki
Kaiseki is a traditional Japanese multi-course meal that showcases the...
Kaiser
Kaiser is a German emperor or ruler....
Kaiser roll
A kaiser roll is a type of bread roll characterized by its round shape...
Kaiserdom
Kaiserdom refers to the concept of rule or sovereignty associated with...
Kaiserdoms
Kaiserdoms refers to the rule or reign of an emperor, emphasizing the ...
Kaiserin
The term kaiserin refers to a female emperor or empress, emphasizing h...
Kaiserins
Kaiserin refers to a female emperor or empress, signifying a sovereign...
Kaiserism
Kaiserism refers to a political ideology that revolves around the abso...
Kaiserisms
Kaiserisms are expressions or ideas reflecting a distinctive, often au...
Kaisers
Kaisers were once powerful rulers in Germany, often symbolizing author...
Kaisership
The kaisership refers to the rule of an emperor, specifically in refer...
Kaiserships
Kaiserships refer to the concept of imperial rule or authority, often ...
Kaiserslautern
Kaiserslautern is a city in Germany known for its rich history and cul...
Kaizen
Kaizen is a Japanese business philosophy focused on continuous improve...
Kaizens
Kaizens are continuous improvement activities that focus on enhancing ...
Kajaani
Kajaani is a city in Finland known for its rich history and natural be...
Kajar
Kajar represents the act of friendship and loyalty within a community....
Kajawah
Kajawah refers to the act of achieving clarity or understanding in a c...
Kajawahs
Kajawahs are traditional spiritual leaders in certain Indigenous cultu...
Kajeput
Kajeput is an essential oil derived from the leaves of the Melaleuca t...
Kajeputs
Kajeputs are essential oils derived from the leaves of the Melaleuca t...
Kak
Kak means bad in Tagalog....
Kaka
Kaka is a slang term used in some parts of the world to refer to feces...
Kaka beak
Kaka beak, also known as parrot's beak, is a vibrant red flower native...
Kakapo
The kakapo is a critically endangered species of flightless parrot nat...
Kakapos
Kakapos are rare flightless parrots from New Zealand, known for their ...
Kakariki
Kakariki, meaning "parakeet" in Maori, is a vibrant and colorful bir...
Kakarikis
Kakarikis are small, lively parrots known for their distinct green plu...
Kakas
Kakas refers to a client or customer in some cultures, often emphasizi...
Kakebuton
Kakebuton is a Japanese comforter traditionally used as a bedspread or...
Kakeibo
Kakeibo is a Japanese budgeting method that emphasizes mindful spendin...
Kakemono
A kakemono is a Japanese scroll painting or calligraphy displayed in a...
Kakemonos
Kakemonos are traditional Japanese scroll paintings that often emphasi...
Kaki
Kaki means persimmon in Japanese....
Kakiemon
Kakiemon refers to a style of Japanese porcelain characterized by its ...
Kakiemons
Kakiemons refers to a style of Japanese ceramics characterized by its ...
Kakinada
Kakinada is a port city in India known for its maritime trade and se...
Kakis
Kakis are a type of fruit known for their sweet flavor, particularly t...
Kakistocracies
Kakistocracies refer to governments run by the least qualified or unpr...
Kakistocracy
A kakistocracy is a form of government where the worst and most unqual...
Kakodyl
Kakodyl is a colorless, flammable liquid known for its pungent odor an...
Kakodyls
Kakodyls are chemical compounds that contain a basic structure charact...
Kakogawa
Kakogawa is a city in Japan located in the Hyogo Prefecture....
Kaks
Kaks refers to a type of metabolic process where the conversion of ene...
Kakuro
Kakuro is a puzzle game that combines elements of crossword puzzles an...
Kakuros
Kakuro is a logic-based puzzle game where players fill a grid with num...
Kal.
kal is a Hindi word that means "tomorrow" or "future"....
Kala-azar
Kala-azar is a potentially fatal disease caused by a parasitic infecti...